“by January Of 1996, Larry And Sergey Had Begun Collaboration On A Search Engine….” What Does By Mean Here?
By January of 1996, Larry and Sergey had begun collaboration on a search engine called BackRub.
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Not ‘from then on,’ but ‘happened during’ January 1996:
“By January 1996, [they] had begun collaboration on a search engine called BackRub.”
The collaboration happened during January ‘96. Most likely continued, but the sentence doesn’t say for sure. They may have finished the collaboration and work at the end of that month and year.
I’m feeling like a monkey wrench, thrown into the works for no good reason. Just go with what the others say, I’d say.
they began collaboration sometime before january of 1996, so that when it was january, they had started.
it’s this definition: “6. not later than; at or before: I usually finish work by five o’clock.”
i think it means beginning in January, or starting in January.